用小波变换分析张家口地区地震活动的周期结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱海生  薛志芳  李薇 《华北地震科学》2007,25(1):37-39

张家口地区的地震活动表明,华北地区各地震带地震活动存在着复杂的相互作用关系,这种现象与未来地震危险的关系值得继续观察和研究。本文尝试用小波变换来研究地震时间序列中包含的多层次时间周期结构,并讨论了其在地震活动预测中的应用,为该地区的中长期地震预测提供参考。  相似文献   

昆明人民胜利堂结构抗震改造设计研究     

高秀珍 《世界地震工程》2007,23(3):147-151

昆明人民胜利堂为钢筋混凝土、砖砌体及木结构混合而成的结构型式，其抗震改造设计较为复杂。简述了该结构抗震改造设计施工中的若干问题，以及解决这些问题所采取的相应措施。  相似文献   

河南省气温变化与北极涛动指数的关系研究     

顾万龙  孙除荣  朱业玉  程炳岩 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(1):28-34

利用连续小波变换和交叉小波变换方法,分析了北极涛动指数和河南省近50多年来月平均气温距平序列的时频变化特征以及两者之间的关系.结果表明:河南省气温和北极涛动都存在着不同时间尺度的周期性变化,且各周期分量的强度不同.北极涛动指数具有2～4 a、8 a左右年际尺度和12～25 a、35 a以上年代际尺度的周期振荡;河南气温存在准2 a、4 a、6～8 a、10～20 a、28 a和35 a以上时间尺度的周期性变化.AO振荡过程影响河南省气温变化的时频结构,且主要表现在年代际时间尺度上.  相似文献   

Modelling sensible and latent heat fluxes over sea during unstable,very close to neutral conditions     

Anna Rutgersson  Björn Carlsson  Ann-Sofi Smedman 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,123(3):395-415

During slightly unstable but still very close to neutral conditions new results from two previous investigations have shown a significant increase of sensible and latent heat fluxes over the sea. The vertical heat transport during these conditions is dominated by detached eddies originating at the top of the boundary layer, bringing relatively cold and dry air to the surface. This effect can be described in numerical models by either enhanced heat transfer coefficients for sensible and latent heat (Stanton and Dalton numbers respectively) or with an additional roughness length, added to the original roughness lengths for heat and humidity. Such new expressions are developed using turbulence measurements from the Baltic Sea valid for wind speeds up to 14 m s⁻¹. The effect of including the increased heat fluxes is investigated using two different numerical models: a regional three-dimensional climate model covering northern Europe, and a process-oriented ocean model for the Baltic Sea. During periods of several days, the latent heat flux can be increased by as much as 100 W m⁻². The increase in sensible heat flux is significantly smaller since the process is only of importance in the very near-neutral regime where the sensible heat flux is very small. The long-term average effect over the Baltic Sea is of the order of several W m⁻².  相似文献   

Long-term comparisons of net radiation calculation schemes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. H. Kjaersgaard  R. H. Cuenca  F. L. Plauborg  S. Hansen 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,123(3):417-431

Six commonly used models for calculating daily net radiation were tested against measured net radiation. Meteorological data from 32 and 7 consecutive years obtained at two temperate sites were used. The extensive duration of the datasets ensured that all weather conditions and extreme events were captured. A set of statistical procedures was used to evaluate the performance of the models. The mean bias errors ranged from 0.0 W m⁻² to 24.8 W m⁻² and 0.1–24.7 W m⁻² and root mean square error from 11.0 W m⁻² to 28.1 W m⁻² and 10.0–27.9 W m⁻² at the two sites respectively, for days without snow cover on the ground. The best agreement was found when locally calibrated model coefficients were used. Only negligible differences in model performances were found between the two sites and the differences were lower than the inaccuracies of the net radiation instruments used. Including days with snow cover in the analysis lead to a slight increase in the bias and scatter of the predictions. Model performances were in general better during summertime than wintertime. Altered albedo values during winter caused by generally low sun angles were likely the cause of this. Analysis showed that at least 5 years of data were needed to obtain stable calibration coefficients for local calibration of the models. Based on the results from this study, and due to their physical background, two physical based models were recommended for calculating daily values of net radiation under temperate climate regimes. A simple adjustment of the calibration coefficients based on climate regime was suggested for these models.  相似文献   

略谈气候异变对中国上古农业转型的影响     

李根蟠 《气象与减灾研究》2007,30(4):29-32

结合考古资料,对气候异变与中国上古农业转型的关系进行了论述,认为在全新世时期中国发生过几次较大的降温事件,气候异变一方面给原始农业文化造成严重的损害,另一方面又激发了人们应对这种挑战的勇气和智慧,成为原始农业文化进化和转型的契机;中国上古农业发展中的两次重大转型——农业"边缘"地区游牧经济的形成和黄河中下游地区"沟洫农业"的出现,均与气候异变有关;人类科学地应对和适应气候异变,使中华文明的进程出现了新格局。历史经验表明,自然环境虽然能够对历史过程产生重大影响,但关键是人类如何去应对,人类自身才是历史发展更为重要的决定性因素。  相似文献   

Phase Transformations and Proton Promoted Dissolution of Hydrous Manganite (γ-MnOOH)     

Madeleine?RamstedtEmail author  Staffan?Sj?berg 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2005,11(4):413-431

The objective of this study was to describe the proton promoted disproportion of synthetic manganite (γ-MnOOH) and to characterise the resulting phase transformations. The solution and remaining solid phase after disproportionation was analysed by techniques including atomic absorbance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In suspensions with pH between 5 and 7, −log[H⁺] was monitored for 17 months and equilibrium constants were determined at 9, 12 and 17 months of reaction time for the following reaction (25 °C, 0.1 M (Na)NO₃): The formed MnO₂ ages with time and the equilibrium constant for a metastable phase (ramsdellite or nsutite) as well as the most stable phase, pyrolusite (β-MnO₂), was determined. Furthermore, combined pH and pe (Eh) measurements were performed to study the equilibrium; Real-time AFM measurements of the dissolution showed shrinkage of the length of the manganite needles with time (2 hours). After 1 week SEM images showed that this decreased length also was followed by a reduced thickness of the manganite needles. From the SEM images the morphology of the formed Mn(IV) oxides was studied. At pH 2.6, pyrolusite (β-MnO₂) and MnCl₂ were found in the XRD patterns. Throughout the pH range there were indications of ramsdellite (MnO_1.97) in the XRD patterns, which coincided with the existence of a fraction of needle shaped crystals with smaller dimensions (compared to manganite) in the SEM images. These observations together with the long term dissolution experiments suggest that the dissolution of manganite initially forms a ramsdellite or nsutite phase that over time rearranges to form pyrolusite.  相似文献   

Deformation and stress regimes in the Hellenic subduction zone from focal Mechanisms     

Marco?BohnhoffEmail author  Hans-Peter?Harjes  Thomas?Meier 《Journal of Seismology》2005,9(3):341-366

Fault plane solutions for earthquakes in the central Hellenic arc are analysed to determine the deformation and stress regimes in the Hellenic subduction zone in the vicinity of Crete. Fault mechanisms for earthquakes recorded by various networks or contained in global catalogues are collected. In addition, 34 fault plane solutions are determined for events recorded by our own local temporary network on central Crete in 2000–2001. The entire data set of 264 source mechanisms is examined for types of faulting and spatial clustering of mechanisms. Eight regions with significantly varying characteristic types of faulting are identified of which the upper (Aegean) plate includes four. Three regions contain interplate seismicity along the Hellenic arc from west to east and all events below are identified to occur within the subducting African lithosphere. We perform stress tensor inversion to each of the subsets in order to determine the stress field. Results indicate a uniform N-NNE direction of relative plate motion between the Ionian Sea and Rhodes resulting in orthogonal convergence in the western forearc and oblique (40–50^∘) subduction in the eastern forearc. There, the plate boundary migrates towards the SE resulting in left-lateral strike-slip faulting that extends to onshore Eastern Crete. N110^∘E trending normal faulting in the Aegean plate at this part is in accordance with this model. Along-arc extension is observed on Western Crete. Fault plane solutions for earthquakes within the dipping African lithosphere indicate that slab pull is the dominant force within the subduction process and responsible for the roll-back of the Hellenic subduction zone.  相似文献   

云开地区中生代成矿地质背景及成矿动力学机制研究   总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20  

蔡明海  战明国  彭松柏  孟祥金  刘国庆 《矿床地质》2002,21(3):264-269

文章通过对云开地区地质构造,矿床时空分布以及中生代花岗岩类岩石的岩石学及地球化学特征的综合研究,认为区内中生代岩石圈构造经历了二叠－三叠纪之间的碰撞挤压,侏罗纪的构造转换及白垩纪的拉张伸展3个阶段的演化过程,大规模成矿作用受控于燕山早期岩石圈的构造转换及燕山晚期的拉张伸展的岩石圈动力学背景。  相似文献   

河南省嵩县大坪银-铅-锌多金属矿床地质特征及找矿标志     

刘国范  朱广彬  杨振军  马庚杰  秦爽 《矿产与地质》2005,19(2):159-164

通过工作实践认为，大坪银-铅-锌多金属矿床是火山喷流沉积一后期热液叠加改造富集的块状硫化物多金属矿床。区域上NWW-SEE向晚元古-早古生代形成的裂谷型二郎坪蛇绿岩套是本区找矿的最佳区段，具四个含矿层位。矿化、矿石、矿物、元素等成矿作用要素具明显分带特征，并与火山作用及喷流作用有关。区域构造、同生断裂及岩浆作用为重要控矿条件，而硫化物层、重晶石层、硅质岩是银-铅-锌矿床的重要找矿标志。  相似文献